INDONESIA



Republic of Indonesia

Republik Indonesia

CAPITAL : Jakarta

FLAG : The national flag, adopted in 1949, consists of a red horizontal stripe above a white stripe.

ANTHEM : Indonesia Raya (Great Indonesia).

MONETARY UNIT : The rupiah (R P ) consists of 100 sen. There are coins of 1, 2, 5, 10, 25, 50, and 100 rupiahs, and notes of 100, 500, 1,000, 5,000, and 10,000 rupiahs. R P 1 = $0.0001149 (or $1 = R P 8,700) as of May 2003.

WEIGHTS AND MEASURES : The metric system is standard.

HOLIDAYS : New Year's Day, 1 January; Independence Day, 17 August; Christmas, 25 December. Movable religious holidays include the Prophet's Birthday, Ascension of Muhammad, Good Friday, Ascension Day of Jesus Christ, the end of Ramadan, 'Id al-Fitr, 'Id al-'Adha', and the 1st of Muharram (Muslim New Year).

TIME : Western, 7 PM = noon GMT; Central, 8 PM = noon GMT; Eastern, 9 PM = noon GMT.


DEPENDENCIES

Indonesia has no territories or colonies.

BIBLIOGRAPHY

Anderson, Benedict R. O'G. Language and Power: Exploring Political Cultures in Indonesia. Ithaca, N.Y.: Cornell University Press, 1990.

——. The Oil Boom and After: Indonesian Economic Policy and Performance in the Soeharto Era. New York: Oxford University Press, 1992.

Bresnan, John. Managing Indonesia: The Modern Political Economy. New York: Columbia University Press, 1993.

Buchori, Moctar. Sketches of Indonesian Society: A Look from Within. Jakarta, Indonesia: IKIP-Muhammadiyah Jakarta Press, 1994.

Chandra, Satish and Baladas Ghoshal (eds.) Indonesia: A New Beginning? New Delhi: Sterling Publishers, 2002.

Cribb, R. B. Historical Dictionary of Indonesia. Metuchen, N.J.: Scarecrow Press, 1992.

Detlor, Pamela. Gender and Development across Cultures: Searching for a Common Ground in Indonesia. Jakarta, Indonesia: University Consortium on the Environment, 1994.

Dumargay, Jacques. Cultural Sites of Malaysia, Singapore, and Indonesia. New York: Oxford University Press, 1998.

—— and Robert L. Worden (eds.). Indonesia: A Country Study. 5th ed. Washington, D.C.: Library of Congress, 1993.

Gardner, Paul F. Shared Hopes, Separate Fears: Fifty Years of U.S.-Indonesian Relations. Boulder, Colo.: Westview Press, 1997.

Giannakos, S.A. (ed.). Ethnic Conflict: Religion, Identity, and Politics. Athens: Ohio University Press, 2002.

Gunn, Geoffrey C. New World Hegemony in the Malay World. Trenton, N.J.: Red Sea Press, 2000.

Hill, Hal. The Indonesian Economy since 1966: Southeast Asia's Emerging Giant. New York: Cambridge University Press, 1996.

Istiadah. Muslim Women in Contemporary Indonesia: Investigating Paths to Resist the Patriarchal System. Clayton, Victoria, Australia: The Centre of Southeast Asian Studies, Monash University, 1995.

Kayam, Umar. Literature of Indonesia. New York: Festival of Indonesia Foundation, 1991.

Lubis, Mochtar. Indonesia: Land under the Rainbow. New York: Oxford University Press, 1990.

MacIntyre, Andrew. Business and Politics in Indonesia. North Sydney, Australia: Asian Studies Association of Australia, 1991.

Ricklefs, M. C. A History of Modern Indonesia since c. 1300. 2nd ed. Stanford, Calif.: Stanford University Press, 1993.

Suryadinata, Leo. Indonesia's Foreign Policy Under Suharto: Aspiring to International Leadership. Singapore: Times Academic Press, 1996.

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