PHILIPPINES
Republic of the Philippines
Republika ng Pilipinas
CAPITAL : Manila
FLAG : The national flag consists of a white equilateral triangle at the hoist, with a blue stripe extending from its upper side and a red stripe extending from its lower side. Inside each angle of the triangle is a yellow five-pointed star, and in its center is a yellow sun with eight rays.
ANTHEM : Bayang Magiliw (Nation Beloved ).
MONETARY UNIT : The peso ( P ) is divided into 100 centavos. There are coins of 1, 5, 10, 25, and 50 centavos and 1 and 2 pesos, and notes of 5, 10, 20, 50, 100, and 500 pesos. P 1 = $0.0191 (or $1 = P 52.30;as of May 2003).
WEIGHTS AND MEASURES : The metric system is the legal standard, but some local measures also are used.
HOLIDAYS : New Year's Day, 1 January; Freedom Day, 25 February; Labor Day, 1 May; Heroes' Day, 6 May; Independence Day (from Spain), 12 June; Thanksgiving, 21 September; All Saints' Day, 1 November; Bonifacio Day, 30 November; Christmas, 25 December; Rizal Day, 30 December; Last Day of the Year, 31 December. Movable religious holidays include Holy Thursday and Good Friday.
TIME : 8 PM = noon GMT.
DEPENDENCIES
The Philippines has no territories or colonies.
BIBLIOGRAPHY
Brands, H. W. Bound to Empire: The United States and the Philippines. New York: Oxford University Press, 1992.
Bresnan, John (ed.). Crisis in the Philippines: The Marcos Era and Beyond. Princeton, N.J.: Princeton University Press, 1986.
Carlson, Sevinc, and Robert A. Kilmarx (eds.). U.S.–Philippines Economic Relations. Washington, D.C.: Georgetown University Center for Strategic and International Studies, 1971.
Davis, Leonard. The Philippines: People, Poverty, and Politics. New York: St. Martin's, 1987.
Dolan, Ronald E. (ed.). Philippines: A Country Study. 4th ed. Washington, D.C.: Library of Congress, 1993.
Doronila, Amando. The State, Economic Transformation, and Political Change in the Philippines, 1946–1972. New York: Oxford University Press, 1992.
Karnow, Stanley. In our Image: America's Empire in the Philippines. New York: Random House, 1989.
Kessler, Richard J. Rebellion and Repression in the Philippines. New Haven: Yale University Press, 1989.
Marcos, Ferdinand. The Democratic Revolution in the Philippines. 3d ed. Manila: Marcos Foundation, 1974.
Miller, Stuart Creighton. " Benevolent Assimilation": The American Conquest of the Philippines, 1899–1903. New Haven, Conn.: Yale University Press, 1982.
O'Brien, Niall. Revolution from the Heart. New York: Oxford University Press, 1987.
Patanñe, E. P. The Philippines in the 6th to 16th Centuries. Quezon City , Philippines: LSA, 1996.
Pedrosa, Carmen Navarro. Imelda Marcos. New York: St. Martin's, 1987.
The Revolution Falters: The Left in Philippines Politics after 1986. Edited by Patricio N. Abinales. Ithaca, N.Y.: Southeast Asia Program, Cornell University, 1996.
Richardson, Jim. Philippines. Santa Barbara, Calif.: Clio, 1989.
Rodriguez, Socorro M. Philippine Science and Technology: Economic, Political and Social Events Shaping Their Development. Quezon City, Philippines: Giraffe Books, 1996.
Steinberg, David Joel. The Philippines, a Singular and a Plural Place. 3rd ed. Boulder, Colo.: Westview, 1994.
Thompson, W. Scott. The Philippines in Crisis: Development and Security in the Aquino Era 1986–92. New York: St. Martin's, 1992.
The University of the Philippines Cultural Dictionary for Filipinos. Edited by Thelma B. Kintanar. Quezon City, Philippines: University of Philippines Press and Anvil Publishing, 1996.
Vos, Rob. The Philippine Economy: East Asia's Stray Cat?: Structure, Finance, and Adjustment. New York: St. Martin's, 1996.
Women's Role in Philippine History: Selected Essays. 2d ed. Quezon City, Philippines: University of Philippines, Center for Women's Studies, 1996.
Wurfel, David. Filipino Politics: Development and Decay. Ithaca: Cornell University Press, 1988.
Ps
Why do you make it a minimum of 50 characters? It's such a hassle, really.