UNITED STATES



United States 1337
Photo by: Ilja Mašík

United States of America

CAPITAL : Washington, D.C. (District of Columbia)

FLAG : The flag consists of 13 alternate stripes, 7 red and 6 white; these represent the 13 original colonies. Fifty five-pointed white stars, representing the present number of states in the Union, are placed in nine horizontal rows alternately of six and five against a blue field in the upper left corner of the flag.

ANTHEM : The Star-Spangled Banner.

MONETARY UNIT : The dollar ($) of 100 cents is a paper currency with a floating rate. There are coins of 1, 5, 10, 25, and 50 cents and 1 dollar, and notes of 1, 2, 5, 10, 20, 50, and 100 dollars. Although issuance of higher notes ceased in 1969, a limited number of notes of 500, 1,000, 5,000, and 10,000 dollars remain in circulation.

WEIGHTS AND MEASURES : The imperial system is in common use; however, the use of metrics in industry is increasing, and the metric system is taught in public schools throughout the United States. Common avoirdupois units in use are the avoirdupois pound of 16 ounces or 454 grams; the long ton of 2,240 pounds or 35,840 ounces; and the short ton, more commonly used, of 2,000 pounds or 32,000 ounces. (Unless otherwise indicated, all measures given in tons are in short tons.) Liquid measures: 1 gallon = 231 cubic inches = 4 quarts = 8 pints. Dry measures: 1 bushel = 4 pecks = 32 dry quarts = 64 dry pints. Linear measures: 1 foot = 12 inches; 1 statute mile = 1,760 yards = 5,280 feet. Metric equivalent: 1 meter = 39.37 inches.

HOLIDAYS : New Year's Day, 1 January; Birthday of Martin Luther King, Jr., 3rd Monday in January; Presidents' Day, 3rd Monday in February; Memorial or Decoration Day, last Monday in May; Independence Day, 4 July; Labor Day, 1st Monday in September; Columbus Day, 2nd Monday in October; Election Day, 1st Tuesday after the 1st Monday in November; Veterans or Armistice Day, 11 November; Thanksgiving Day, 4th Thursday in November; Christmas, 25 December.

TIME : Eastern, 7 AM = noon GMT; Central, 6 AM = noon GMT; Mountain, 5 AM = noon GMT; Pacific (includes the Alaska panhandle), 4 AM = noon GMT; Yukon, 3 AM = noon GMT; Alaska and Hawaii, 2 AM = noon GMT; western Alaska, 1 AM = noon GMT.


BIBLIOGRAPHY

Ahlstrom, Sydney E. A Religious History of the American People. New Haven: Yale University Press, 1972.

America's Century: Year by Year from 1900–2000. London: Dorling Kindersley, 2000.

Ayres, Stephen M. Health Care in the Unites States: The Facts and the Choices. Chicago: American Library Association, 1996.

Bacchi, Carol Lee. The Politics of Affirmative Action: 'Women', Equality, and Category Politics. London: Sage, 1996.

Bailey, Richard. Nineteenth Century English. Ann Arbor, Mich.: University of Michigan Press, 1996.

Barone, Michael. The Almanac of American Politics. Washington, D.C.: National Journal, 1992.

Becker, Carl Lotus. The Declaration of Independence: A Study in the History of Political Ideas. New York: Knopf, 1960.

Bennett, Lerone. Before the Mayflower: A History of Black America. 6th ed. New York: Penguin, 1993.

Brown, Richard Maxwell. No Duty to Retreat: Violence and Values in American History and Society. New York: Oxford University Press, 1991.

Chambers, S. Allen. National Landmarks, America's Treasures: the National Park Foundation's Complete Guide to National Historic Landmarks. New York: J. Wiley and Sons, 2000.

Commager, Henry Steele (ed.). Documents of American History. Englewood Cliffs, N.J.: Prentice-Hall, 1988.

Davies, Philip John. (ed.) An American Quarter Century: US Politics from Vietnam to Clinton. New York: Manchester University Press, 1995.

Donaldson, Gary. America at War since 1945: Politics and Diplomacy in Korea, Vietnam, and the Gulf War. Westport, Conn.: Praeger, 1996.

Glassborow, Jilly, Gillian Freeman (eds.). Atlas of the United States. New York: Macmillan, 1986.

Hart, James David (ed.). Oxford Companion to American Literature. 6th ed. New York: Oxford University Press, 1995.

Harvard Encyclopedia of American Ethnic Groups. Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1980.

Health in the Americas, 2002 edition. Washington, D.C.: Pan American Health Organization, Pan American Sanitary Bureau, Regional Office of the World Health Organization, 2002.

Hummel, Jeffrey Rogers. Emancipating Slaves, Enslaving Free Men: A History of the Civil War. Chicago: Open Court, 1996.

Josephy, Alvin M., Jr. Now that the Buffalo's Gone: A Study of Today's American Indians. Norman, Okla.: University of Oklahoma Press, 1984.

Kammen, Michale (ed.). The Origins of the American Constitution: A Documentary History. New York: Penguin, 1986.

——. People of Paradox: An Inquiry Concerning the Origins of American Civilization. New York: Oxford University Press, 1980.

Kaplan, Edward S. American Trade Policy, 1923–1995. Westport, Conn.: Praeger, 1996.

Kennedy, David M. Freedom from Fear: The American People in Depression and War. New York: Oxford University Press, 2001.

Martis, Kenneth C. The Historical Atlas of Political Parties in the United States Congress 1789–1989. New York: Macmillan, 1989.

McElrath, Karen (ed.). HIV and AIDS: A Global View. Westport, Conn.: Greenwood Press, 2002.

McNickle, D'Arcy. Native American Tribalism: Indian Survivals and Renewals. New York: Oxford University Press, 1993.

Morison, Samuel Eliot. The Oxford History of the American People. New York: New American Library, 1972.

Nevins, Allan. Ordeal of the Union. New York: Collier Books, 1992.

Newell, Clayton R. United States Army, a Historical Dictionary. Lanham, Md.: Scarecrow Press, 2002.

Reed, Carroll E. Dialects of American English. Amherst: University of Massachusetts Press, 1977.

Rein, Meiling, Nancy R. Jacobs, Maek S. Siegel (eds.). Immigration and Illegal Aliens: Burden or Blessing? Wylie, Tex.: Information Plus, 1999.

Robinson, Cedric J. Black Movements in America. New York: Routledge, 1997.

Sinclair, Andrew. A Concise History of the United States. Rev. ed. Stroud: Sutton, 1999.

Summers, Randal W., and Allan M. Hoffman (ed.). Domestic Violence: A Global View. Westport, Conn.: Greenwood Press, 2002.

Tocqueville, Alexis de. Democracy in America. New York: Knopf, 1994.

US Bureau of the Census. Historical Statistics of the United States, Colonial Times to 1970. Washington, D.C.: US Government Printing Office, 1879-date.

Who's Who in America: A Biographical Dictionary of Notable Living Men and Women. Chicago: Marquis, 1899—.

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