The Institute of Agronomical Sciences of Rwanda, attached to the Ministry of Agriculture, and the Institute of Scientific and Technological Research have their headquarters in Butare, and the Directorate of Geological and Mineralogical Research within the Ministry of Industry is in Kigali. The National University of Rwanda, in Butare, has faculties of sciences, medicine, agriculture, and applied sciences. In 1987–97, science and engineering students accounted for 28% of college and university enrollments. In 1987–97, research and development expenditures totaled less than 0.1% of GNP; 8 technicians and 35 scientists and engineers per million people were engaged in research and development.
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