Banks, Arthur and Thomas Muller, eds. Political Handbook of the World. Binghamton, NY: CSA Publications, 1999.
"Bashar in the Steps of His Father." The Economist , March 24, 2001, p. 53.
The Economist, various issues.
Fisher, W.B. The Middle East and North Africa. 1990.
"Heir Apparent." The New Republic , October 11, 1999, P. 15.
Hutcheson, Ron, "White House Deems Syria 'Rogue Nation' Aiding Terrorists, Threatens Sanctions," Knight Ridder Newspapers, http://www.realcities.com/mld/krwashington/news/columnists/ron_hutcheson/5633644.htm (May 9, 2003).
"Intervention in Iraq?" PBS Online, Newshour http://www.pbs.org/newshour/bb/middle_east/iraq/un_resolution_03-14-03.html (May 9, 2003).
Middle East Review, 1989.
New York Times, http://www.nytimes.com (June 21, 2000).
"Peace Talks Move Ahead on Both Tracks." Middle East Economic Digest, January 14, 2000, p. 13.
"Powell: Syria Budges on Terror," CBS News.com, http://www.cbsnews.com/stories/2003/04/24/iraq/main550944.shtml (May 9, 2003).
"Profile of Bashar Assad," European Institute for Research on Mediterranean and Euro-Arab Cooperation , http://www.medea.be /(May 2002).
"Reform Planned at the Right Place." Euromoney , July 2001, pp. 141-145.
"The Riddle of the Sphinx." U.S. News & World Report, March 20, 2000, p. 14.
"Syria Online," Website of Golan , http://www.golansyria.org/wordr.htm (June 21, 2000).
Profile researched and written by Jim Henry (5/02); sections contributed by Hootan Shambayati (6/00). Updated by Jeneen Hobby, Ph.D. (5/2003).
Comment about this article, ask questions, or add new information about this topic: