Living standards in Botswana are high by African standards, but vary considerably across the country. Ethnic minorities, such as the San, get little recognition or support from the government, and thus tend to practice a traditional lifestyle without much involvement with the formal economy. Botswana has recently come under criticism regarding alleged human rights violations against the San people, who were removed from their traditional lands in the Central Kalahari Game Reserve to develop tourism and mining. On the other hand, Botswana has
GDP per Capita (US$) | |||||
Country | 1975 | 1980 | 1985 | 1990 | 1998 |
Botswana | 1,132 | 1,678 | 2,274 | 3,124 | 3,611 |
United States | 19,364 | 21,529 | 23,200 | 25,363 | 29,683 |
South Africa | 4,574 | 4,620 | 4,229 | 4,113 | 3,918 |
Zimbabwe | 686 | 638 | 662 | 706 | 703 |
SOURCE : United Nations. Human Development Report 2000; Trends in human development and per capita income. |
Household Consumption in PPP Terms | |||||||
Country | All food | Clothing and footwear | Fuel and power a | Health care b | Education b | Transport & Communications | Other |
Botswana | 24 | 5 | 12 | 2 | 7 | 5 | 45 |
United States | 13 | 9 | 9 | 4 | 6 | 8 | 51 |
South Africa | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A |
Zimbabwe | 20 | 10 | 21 | 3 | 15 | 9 | 22 |
Data represent percentage of consumption in PPP terms. | |||||||
a Excludes energy used for transport. | |||||||
b Includes government and private expenditures. | |||||||
SOURCE : World Bank. World Development Indicators 2000. |
been one of the most rapidly urbanizing nations in the world. With the obvious and major exception of the dramatic effect of AIDS on life expectancy in Botswana (32 years for men and women), living standards in urban centers are good. Botswana was ranked 122 on the Human Development Index in 1997, very high for an African country. In the urban centers, 91 percent of the population had access to sanitation and sewage disposal, and 100 percent had access to safe drinking water. The percentage having access to safe drinking water across the country as a whole was 70 percent.
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