Banks, Arthur and Thomas Muller, eds. Political Handbook of the World. Binghamton, NY: CSA Publications, 1999.
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"Leonid Kuchma, President of Ukraine," Ukraine Info, http://www.ukremb.com/government/kuchma.htm (April 23,2003).
"Leonid Kuchma, Ukraine's Dismal Choice." The Economist, November 20, 1999, p. 64.
"Right, Left, and Center." Time International, November 29,1999, p.24.
"Russia: Russia-Ukraine to Boost Economic Relations." IPR Strategic Business Information Database , April 2, 2002.
"Stumbling Along: Ukraine's Election." The Economist , April6, 2002.
"Ukraine: Germany Pledges to Support Ukraine's Integration Into Europe." IPR Strategic Business Information Database , December 10, 2001.
Profile researched and written by Paul A. Goble, Carnegie Endowment for International Peace (11/94); updated by Jeneen Hobby, Ph.D. (4/03).
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