Asiaweek, February 20, 1998; February 18, 2000.
Business World, (Manila), July 15–17, 1998.
Economist Intelligence Unit (EIU). Philippines. April 3, 2002; March 4, 2003.
The Far East and Australasia 2002. 33rd Edition. London: Europa Publications, 2001.
Far Eastern Economic Review , May 14, 1998; July 2, 1998; December 23, 1999.
"Concrete Commitments," Inq7.net , http://www.inq7.net /(May 21, 2003).
"Interview: Gloria Macapagal-Arroyo," Newsweek, http://www.startribune.com/stories/569/3901842.html (May 28,2003).
Philippines Department of Environment and Natural Resources , http://www.hangin.org (March 20, 2000).
"Homepage," Gloria Macapagal-Arroyo's website , http://www.kgma.org /(March 20, 2000).
"President Gloria Macapagal Arroyo's First 100 days," Office of the President , http://www.ops.gov.ph/100days /(March 20, 2000).
Profile researched and written by Robert J. Groelsema (4/2002); updated (5/2003); sections contributed by Jeffrey M. Riedinger, Michigan State University (9/1998) and John P. Ranahan (3/2000).
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