Anderson, Scott. "The Makeover." The New York Times Magazine, January 19, 2003.
"Pan Am Lockerbie Bombing Trial," Guardian Web site, http://www.guardianunlimited.co.uk/Lockerbie/ (June 2000).
Middle East and North Africa. 46th ed. London: Europa Publications, 1999.
"Osama to Get Stronger, Says Qadhafi," DAWN International, http://www.dawn.com/2003/03/13/int5.htm (April 24, 2003).
St. John, Ronald Brace. Qadhafi's World Design. 1987.
Spencer, William. The Middle East. 8th ed. Dushkin/McGraw-Hill, 2000.
Profile researched and written by Kathryn Green (6/2000); updated by Jeneen Hobby, Ph.D. (4/2003).