Abdelnour, Ziad K. "Implications of the Syrian Redeployment." Middle East Intelligence Bulletin, February–March 2003, vol. 5, no. 2, http://www.meib.org/articles/0302_l1.htm (March 27, 2003).
Al-Harem Weekly, 22–28 October 1998.
Blanche, Ed. "Lahoud the Winner in Power Struggle." Jane's Intelligence Review, November 2001, vol. 13, no. 11, p.38.
Europe World Yearbook. London: Europe Publications Ltd., 1998.
IOU Country Profile: Lebanon, 1998–1999. London: The
Economist Intelligence Unit, Ltd., 1998.
Lebanon.com, http://www.lebanon.com (March 27, 2003).
"Palestinian Delegation Leaves Arab League Summit ." EFE World News Service, March 27, 2003.
The President of Lebanon, http://www.presidency.gov.lb (accessed March 2002).
The U.S. Department of State, http://www.state.gov (March 27, 2003).
Profile researched and written by Taffiq Rashid, Indiana University (3/99); updated by Jeneen Hobby, Ph.D. (3/03).