Agence France-Presse, December 4, 1998, December 12, 1998.
Alcardi, Marc de Saint Paul. Gabon: The Development of a Nation. 1989.
Daley, Suzanne. "France: African Leaders' Suit Thrown Out." New York Times, April 26, 2001, p. A9.
The Economist, January 1, 1999.
"Gabon."Economist Intelligence Unit, February 1, 2003.
Gardinier, David. Historical Dictionary of Gabon. 1981.
Jane's Foreign Report, November 26, 1998.
Jeune Afrique, June 5, 1990.
Marches Tropicaux et Mediterraneans, December 15, 1989.
"Omar Bongo, un danger pour Kinshasa, "L'Avenir, http://www.eveil.info/view.asp?ID=737 (March 19, 2003).
Pan African News Agency, December 12, 1998.
Washington Post, December 7, 1998.
Washington Times, December 10, 1998, December 24, 1998.
Weekly Mail and Guardian, June 27, 1997, October 2, 1998.
Profile researched and written by Jonathan T. Reynolds, Livingstone College (6/99); updated by Robert J. Groelsema (3/2003).