Campbell, Duncan. "Ecuador's Victor Tries to Ease Fears." The Guardian, November 26, 2002, p. 18.
CNN Online (English and Spanish). http://www.cnn.com/ (April 4, 2003).
"A Colonel Takes Charge." The Economist, November 28, 2002.
"Command Without Control; Ecuador's New President." The Economist, January 18, 2003, p. 38.
" Ecuador Declares State of Emergency." Wall Street Journal, February 25, 2002, p. A11.
"Ecuador: Pact to End Protests." New York Times, 8 February 2001, p. A8.
Forero, Juan. "'Rebel Colonel,' Ecuador Favorite, Adopts Capitalist Look." New York Times, November 22, 2002,p. A9.
Lifsher, Marc. "The Andean Arc of Instability." Wall Street Journal, February 24, 2003, p. A13.
——. "Ecuadoreans Favor Populist in Presidential Vote." Wall Street Journal, November 19, 2002. p. A23.
"New Faces of Andean Politics." The Economist, October 24, 2002.
O'Grady, Mary Anastasia. "Americas: Ecuador's Gutiérrez Boosts His Image on a U.S. Tour." Wall Street Journal, February 12, 2003, p. A11.
Rohter, Larry. "Ecuador Coup Shifts Control to No. 2 Man." New York Times, January 23, 2000, p. A1.
"So Far, So Good." The Economist, February 20, 2003.
U.S. Department of State. http://www.state.gov (accessed February 2003).
Profile researched and written by Patricio Navia, New York University (4/2003).