Russia - Judicial system

The judicial system is divided into three branches. There are courts of general jurisdiction (including military courts), which are subordinated to the Supreme Court; the arbitration (commercial) court system, which is under the High Court of Arbitration; and the Constitutional Court, which arbitrates any disputes between the executive and legislative branches and determines questions pertaining to constitutional issues. Civil and criminal cases are tried in courts of primary jurisdiction (municipal and regional), courts of appeals, and higher courts.

Procurators are also organized at the district, regional, and federal levels. The head of the procurators, the Procurator General, is nominated by the president and confirmed by the Federal Council. The trials are inquisitorial, not adversarial, and procurators are quite influential in non-jury trials.