GERMANY



Germany 1706
Photo by:  LianeM

Federal Republic of Germany

Bundesrepublik Deutschland

CAPITAL : Berlin

FLAG : The flag is a tricolor of black, red, and gold horizontal stripes—the flag of the German (Weimar) Republic from 1919 until 1933.

ANTHEM : Einigkeit und Recht und Freiheit (Unity and Justice and Liberty).

MONETARY UNIT : The euro replaced the deutsche mark as the official currency in 2002. The euro is divided into 100 cents. There are coins in denominations of 1, 2, 5, 10, 20, and 50 cents and 1 euro and 2 euros. There are notes of 5, 10, 20, 50, 100, 200, and 500 euros. As of May 2003, €1 = $1.0977 (or $1 = €0.911).

WEIGHTS AND MEASURES : The metric system is the legal standard.

HOLIDAYS : New Year's Day, 1 January; Labor Day, 1 May; German Unity Day, 3 October; Repentance Day, Wednesday before the 3rd Sunday in November (except Bavaria); Christmas, 25–26 December. Movable religious holidays include Good Friday, Easter Monday, Ascension, and Whitmonday. In addition, the movable Carnival/Rose Monday holiday and various provincial holidays also are celebrated.

TIME : 1 PM = noon GMT.


DEPENDENCIES

Germany has no territories or colonies.

BIBLIOGRAPHY

Berg-Schlosser, Dirk and Ralf Rytlewski (eds.). Political Culture in Germany. New York: St. Martin's Press, 1993.

Briel, Holger (ed.). German Culture and Society: The Essential Glossary. London: Arnold, 2002.

Bullock, Alan Louis Charles. Hitler and Stalin: Parallel Lives. London: Harper-Collins, 1991.

Carr, William. A History of Germany, 1815–1985. 3rd ed. London: E. Arnold, 1991.

Honecker's Germany. London: Allen and Unwin, 1985.

Childs, David. Germany in the Twentieth Century. 3rd ed. New York: Icon Editions, 1991.

Gortemaker, Manfred. Unifying Germany, 1989–1990. New York: St. Martin's Press, 1994.

Gutjahr, Lothar. German Foreign and Defence Policy after Unification. New York: St. Martin's Press, 1994.

Guttsman, W. L. Workers' Culture in Weimar Germany. New York: St. Martin's Press, 1990.

Hertz, Friedrich Otto. The German Public Mind in the Nineteenth Century: A Social History of German Political Sentiments, Aspirations and Ideas. Totowa, NJ: Rowman and Littlefield, 1975.

Hiden, John. Republican and Fascist Germany: Themes and Variations in the History of Weimar and the Third Reich, 1918–45. New York: Longman, 1996.

Huelshoff, Michael G., Andrei S. Markovits, and Simon Reich (eds.). From Bundesrepublik to Deutschland: German Politics after Unification. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press, 1993.

International Smoking Statistics: A Collection of Historical Data from 30 Economically Developed Countries. New York: Oxford University Press, 2002.

James, Harold. A German Identity: 1770–1990. New York: Routledge, 1989.

Kahler, Erich. The Germans. Princeton, N.J.: Princeton University Press, 1974.

Koch, Hannsjoachim. A Constitutional History of Germany in the Nineteenth and Twentieth Centuries. New York: Longmans, 1984.

Maier, Charles S. The Unmasterable Past: History, Holocaust, and German National Identity. Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 1988.

McAdams, A. James. Germany Divided: From the Wall to Reunification. Princeton, N.J.: Princeton University Press, 1993.

McCauley, Martin. The German Democratic Republic Since 1945. New York: St. Martin's, 1986.

Mitcham, Samuel W. Retreat to the Reich: The German Defeat in France, 1944. Westport, Conn.: Praeger, 2000.

Pflanze, Otto. Bismarck and the Development of Germany. Princeton, N.J.: Princeton University Press, 1990.

Sarkar, Saral K. Green-alternative Politics in West Germany. New York: United Nations University Press, 1993.

Shirer, William L. The Rise and Fall of the Third Reich. New York: Simon and Schuster, 1960.

Smith, Gordon (ed.). Developments in German Politics. Durham: Duke University Press, 1992.

Summers, Randal W., and Allan M. Hoffman (ed.). Domestic Violence: A Global View. Westport, Conn.: Greenwood Press, 2002.

——. Dreams and Delusions: the Drama of German History. New York: Knopf, 1987.

Tipton, Frank B. A History of Modern Germany Since 1815. Berkeley: University of California Press, 2003.

Treverton, Gregory F. America, Germany, and the Future of Europe. Princeton, N.J.: Princeton University Press, 1992.

Verhey, Jeffrey. The Spirit of 1914: Militarism, Myth and Mobilization in Germany. New York: Cambridge University Press, 2000.

Watson, Alan. The Germans: Who are They Now? London: Thames Methuen, 1992.

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Hello
Does it show what occupation Germans have?Or what jobs do they do for a living?

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