Ball, Warwick. Syria: A Historical and Architectural Guide. Essex, U.K.: Scorpion Publishers, 1994.
Batatu, Hanna. Syria's Peasantry, the Descendants of Its Lesser Rural Notables, and Their Politics. Princeton, N.J.: Princeton University Press, 1999.
Choueiri, Youssef M. (ed.). State and Society in Syria and Lebanon. Exeter: University of Exeter Press, 1993.
Collelo, Thomas (ed.). Syria: A Country Study. 3rd ed. Washington, D.C.: Library of Congress, 1988.
Commins, David Dean. Historical Dictionary of Syria. Lanham, Md.: Scarecrow, 1996.
Contemporary Syria: Liberalization Between Cold War and Cold Peace. Edited by Eberhard Kienle. London: British Academic Press, 1994.
Devlin, John F. Syria: Modern State in an Ancient Land. Boulder, Colo.: Westview, 1983.
Gaunson, A. B. The Anglo-French Clash in Lebanon and Syria, 1940–45. New York: St. Martin's, 1987.
Gelvin, James L. Divided Loyalties: Nationalism and Mass Politics in Syria at the Close of Empire. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1998.
Haddad, Robert M. Syrian Christians in a Muslim Society. Princeton, N.J.: Princeton University Press, 1970.
Hinnebusch, Raymond A. Authoritarian Power and State Formation in Ba'thist Syria: Army, Party, and Peasant. Boulder, Colo.: Westview Press, 1990.
History and Religion in Late Antique Syria. Edited by Han J. W. Drijvers. Aldershot, U.K.: Varorium, 1994.
Hopwood, Derek. Syria 1945–1986: Politics and Society. London: Unwin Hyman, 1988.
Khoury, Philip S. Syria and the French Mandate: the Politics of Arab Nationalism 1920–1945. Princeton, N.J.: Princeton University Press, 1987.
Klengel, Horst. Syria, 3000 to 300 B.C.: A Handbook of Political History. Berlin: Akademie Verlag, 1992.
Lesch, David W. Syria and the United States: Eisenhower's Cold War in the Middle East. Boulder, Colo.: Westview Press, 1992.
Maoz, Moshe. Assad: The Sphinx of Damascus: A Political Biography. New York: Weidenfeld and Nicholson, 1988.
Mardam Bey, Salma. Syria's Quest for Independence. Reading, Pa.: Ithaca Press, 1994.
Perthes, Volker. The Political Economy of Syria Under Asad. London: I.B. Tauris, 1995.
Petran, Tabitha. Syria. New York: Praeger, 1972.
Pipes, Daniel. Greater Syria: The History of an Ambition. New York: Oxford University Press, 1990.
Quilliam, Neil. Syria. Santa Barbara, Calif.: Clio Press, 1999.
Roberts, David. The Ba'th and the Creation of Modern Syria. New York: St. Martin's, 1987.
Salibi, Kamal S. Syria Under Islam: Empire on Trial. New York: Caravan Books, 1977.
Seale, Patrick. Assad of Syria: The Struggle for the Middle East. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1989, 1988.
Seale, Patrick. Struggle for Syria: A Study of Post-War Arab Politics, 1945–1958. 2nd ed. New Haven, Conn.: Yale University Press, 1987.
Seccombe, Ian J. Syria. Santa Barbara, Calif.: Clio, 1987.
State and Society in Syria and Lebanon. Edited by Youssef M. Choueiri. New York: St. Martin's, 1994.
Tauber, Eliezer. The Formation of Modern Syria and Iraq. Ilford, U.K.: Frank Cass, 1994.
Waldner, David. State Building and Late Development. Ithaca, N.Y.: Cornell University Press, 1999.