Over the years, there has been a noticeable drift of educated Africans, many of whom have acquired British citizenship, from South Africa to Swaziland. Conversely, many itinerant asylum-seekers were making a practice of using Swaziland as a stepping stone to gain access to South Africa in 1999. As of 1999, Swaziland harbored some 630 refugees and asylum-seekers, mainly from the Great Lakes region. In 2000, the net migration rate was -1.2 per 1,000 population, a significant drop from -10.8 per 1,000 in 1990. The total number of migrants in 2000 was 42,000. The government views the migration levels as satisfactory.